What are the functions of class-here notes in the DDC? Here is the Dewey Glossary entry:
Class-here note
A note that identifies topics that are equivalent to the whole of the class under which the note appears. The topic as a whole is classed in the number under which the note appears; parts of the topic are classed in the most appropriate subdivision of the number. Topics identified in class-here notes, even if broader or narrower than the heading, are said to "approximate the whole" of the number; therefore, standard subdivisions may be added for topics in class-here notes. Class-here notes also may identify the comprehensive or interdisciplinary number for a subject.
Compare that with the Dewey Glossary entry for scope note:
Scope note
A note indicating that the meaning of a class number is broader or narrower than is apparent from the heading.
Class-here notes may indicate that the meaning of a class number is broader than is apparent from the heading, e.g., if the topic in the class-here note is broader than the heading. Class-here notes, however, never narrow the scope of a number.
Class-here notes do not define the meaning of the heading; that is the function of the definition note:
Definition note
A note indicating the meaning of a term in the heading.
When a list of topics is given in a class-here note, the list should not be interpreted as exhausting all the topics that belong in the class.
Let’s illustrate the functions of class-here notes with nine examples.
Example 1:
598 Aves
Class here birds, land birds; ornithology
Standard subdivisions may be added for works about birds, for works about land birds, for works about ornithology; for example, an encyclopedia of birds and an encyclopedia of ornithology are both classed in 598.03 (built with 598 plus T1—03 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances). Works about specific birds are classed in appropriate subdivisions; for example, works about crows are classed in 598.864 Corvidae.
(For information about recent changes to class-here notes in biology, see this previous blog post.)
Example 2:
641.862 Frozen desserts
Including frozen yogurt, ice milk
Class here ice cream
For ices, sherbet, sorbet, see 641.863
The topic in the class-here note (ice cream) is narrower than the heading (frozen desserts), but that does not narrow the scope of the number to exclude frozen yogurt or ice milk. The see reference indicates that works limited to ices, sherbet, sorbet are classed in 641.863 Ices, sherbet, sorbet. Comprehensive works that include ices, sherbet, sorbet plus ice cream, frozen yogurt, etc., are classed in 641.862 Frozen desserts, the comprehensive number for frozen desserts. A history of frozen desserts and a history of ice cream are both classed in 641.86209 (built with 641.862 plus T1—09 History).
Example 3:
242 Devotional literature
Class here texts of meditations, contemplations, prayers for individuals and families, religious poetry intended for devotional use
Class devotional literature on a specific subject with the subject, e.g., meditations on passion and death of Jesus 232.96
For evangelistic writings, see 243; for hymns, see 264.23
The scope of 242 is limited to Christian devotional literature by the entries in the upward hierarchy, e.g., 240 Christian moral and devotional theology. The list of topics in the class-here note is not exhaustive; for example, anecdotes intended for Christian devotional use are classed in 242. The scatter class-elsewhere note indicates that Christian devotional literature limited to a specific subject is classed with the subject. The see references indicate that works limited to evangelistic writings are classed in 243 Evangelistic writings for individuals and families and works limited to hymns are classed in 264.23 Hymns.
Example 4:
623.84-623.87 Parts and details of nautical craft
Class here design
Class comprehensive works in 623.82
Sometimes class-here notes appear in entries for number spans. Because class-here notes have hierarchical force, the topics in the class-here notes apply to all the subdivisions in the downward hierarchy. The number span 623.84-623.87 is limited by entries in the upward hierarchy, e.g., 623.8 Nautical engineering and seamanship; hence the topic design is limited to nautical engineering design. Works on nautical engineering design of ship propellers, for example, are classed in 623.873 Engine auxiliaries.
In this case, the number span is a centered entry; hence the immediate direct subdivisions are nonbuilt numbers. In other cases, the number span has an add note, and the subdivisions are all built as instructed in the add note. The class-here note functions in much the same way in both kinds of span entries.
Example 5:
664 Food technology
Class here comprehensive works on commercial food and beverage technology
For commercial beverage technology, see 663
Comprehensive works on commercial technology of both foods and beverages are classed in 664, and standard subdivisions are added, e.g., microbiology of foods and beverages 664.001579 (built with 664 plus 0 as required for standard subdivisions at 664 plus T1—015 Scientific principles plus 79 from 579 Natural history of microorganisms, fungi, algae). As the see reference indicates, works on commercial technology of only beverages are classed in 663.
Example 6:
641.3 Food
Class here interdisciplinary works on food
For interdisciplinary works on specific dishes, see 641.8. For a specific aspect of food, see the aspect, e.g., manufacture (commercial preparation) 664
Because class-here notes and see references both have hierarchical force, interdisciplinary works on specific foods—except for interdisciplinary works on specific dishes—are classed in subdivisions of 641.3, e.g., interdisciplinary works on honey 641.38.
As the see reference at 641.3 indicates, interdisciplinary works on specific dishes are classed in 641.8 Cooking specific kinds of dishes and preparing beverages, which has the class-here note “Class here interdisciplinary works on specific dishes.” For example, interdisciplinary works on salads are classed in 641.83 Salads, and interdisciplinary works on pastries are classed in 641.865 Pastries.
As the scatter see reference at 641.3 suggests, works about specific aspects of food are classed in many places, e.g., economics of the food processing industry 338.47664 (built with 338.47 plus 664 Food technology as instructed at 338.47001-338.47999 Subdivisions for products and services), food product safety 363.192, food customs 394.12, cooking 641.5.
Example 7:
641.302 Health foods
Class here natural foods, organically grown foods
Standard subdivisions may be added for works about natural foods, for works about organically grown foods, e.g., organically grown foods in Australia 641.3020994 (built with 641.302 plus T1—09 plus T2—94 Australia, as instructed at T1—093-T1—099 Specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds).
There are no direct subdivisions of 641.302 for specific foods. Does that mean that works about specific natural foods are also classed in 641.302? No, by the rule of zero, works about specific foods are classed in 641.33-641.35 Specific food from plant crops or 641.36-641.39 Specific food from animals. For example, works about organically grown apples as food are classed in 641.3411 Apples (built with 641.3 Food plus notation 411 from 634.11 Apples, as instructed at 641.33-641.35 Specific food from plant crops).
Example 8:
781.642 Country music
Class here bluegrass music; specific country music styles
Standard subdivisions are added for general works about bluegrass music; for example, a history of bluegrass music is classed in 781.64209 (built with 781.642 plus T1—09 History, geographic treatment, biography).
There are no direct subdivisions of 781.642. Does that mean that all works about bluegrass music are classed in 781.642? No. In the upward hierarchy at 781-788 Principles, forms, ensembles, voices, instruments is a note with hierarchical force that indicates preference order or citation order: “Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 781-788 in the number coming last, e.g., jazz mass 782.323165 (not 781.65), Johann Sebastian Bach's cello sonatas 787.4183 (not 784.183).” Hence bluegrass songs are classed with vocal music in 782.421642 (built with 782.42 Songs plus 1 from add table at 782.1-782.4 Vocal forms plus 642 from 781.642 as instructed at 782.42 and at 782.1-782.4:11-17 General principles). Bluegrass guitar music is classed with guitar music in 787.871642 (built with 787.87 Guitars plus notation 1 from add table at 784-788 Instruments and their music plus 642 from 781.642 as instructed at 787.87 and 784-788:11-17 General principles).
Example 9:
T2—44 France and Monaco
T2—4458 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Class here former Rhône-Alpes; *Alps in France; *Rhône River
For Auvergne, see T2—4459
*For a specific part of this jurisdiction, region, or feature, see the part and follow instructions under T2—4-T2—9
The class-here note at T2—4458 indicates that the former Rhône-Alpes region of France is classed in the number for the new Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. The new region resulted from the merger of the former Auvergne and former Rhône-Alpes regions. The see reference leads from the comprehensive number for the two former regions (T2—4458) to T2—4459 Former Auvergne, where Auvergne is classed. The class-here note at T2—4458 also indicates that comprehensive works on the Alps in France and comprehensive works on the Rhône River are both are classed in T2—4458.
Each of the three topics in the class-here note approximates the whole of T2—4458. Specific parts of these topics are classed in appropriate subdivisions—if possible, in direct subdivisions in the downward hierarchy of T2—4458, e.g., a part of the former Rhône-Alpes region, the Rhône department; also the Rhône River in the Rhône department, both in T2—44582 Rhône department.
There is no asterisk (*) for the former Rhône-Alpes, because it does not extend beyond Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The Alps in France and the Rhône River, however, do extend beyond Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes; they have the asterisk leading to the scatter see reference indicating that specific parts are classed elsewhere—not just in direct subdivisions of T2—4458. The Rhône River in Switzerland, for example, is classed in T2—49479 Valais canton (Wallis canton).
T2—494 Switzerland
T2—4947 Alpine region cantons
Class here *Alps
T2—49479 Valais canton (Wallis canton)
Class here *Rhône River in Switzerland, *Pennine Alps
*For a specific part of this jurisdiction, region, or feature, see the part and follow instructions under T2—4-T2—9
The class-here note at T2—4947 indicates that comprehensive works on the Alps are classed in the number for the Alpine region cantons of Switzerland. Specific parts are classed in subdivisions of T2—4947 where appropriate, e.g., the Alps in T2—49479 Valais canton (Wallis canton). The asterisk leading to the scatter see reference indicates that specific parts of the Alps are classed elsewhere, e.g., comprehensive works on the Alps in France as shown above. Comprehensive works on the Alps in Austria are classed in T2—4364 Western Austria, and Liechtenstein, and comprehensive works on the Alps in Italy are classed in T2—451 Northwestern Italy.
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