025.431: The Dewey blog

Baby Animals

Spring brings news of baby animals, e.g., fawns (“Fawns Pop Up in Backyards around Washtenaw County” and “Wild Sunday II: Look Close”) or chicks (“Hatching a Love”).

Interdisciplinary works on all kinds of baby animals and comprehensive works on baby wild animals are both classed in 591.39 Young animals, a subdivision of 590 Animals.  The Relative Index entry is “Baby animals 591.39.” Examples of works classed in 591.39 are Wild Babies and Small Babies. 

Comprehensive works on baby domestic animals are classed in 636.07 Young of animals, a subdivision of 636 Animal husbandry.  The Relative Index entry is “Baby animals—domestic animals 636.07.”  An example of a work classed in 636.07 is Animal Babies on the Farm.

Works on fawns are classed in 599.65139 Fawns, a built number to which the LCSH “Fawns” has been editorially mapped in WebDewey.  The number 599.65139 Fawns is built with 599.65 Cervidae (Deer) plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from the add table at 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, following the footnote add instruction at 599.65, plus 39 from 591.39 Young animals, following add instruction at 1 General topics of natural history of animals in the add table at 592–599. An example of a work classed in 599.65139 is Fawns.

Works on baby chickens are classed in 636.507 Chicks, a number built with 636.5 Poultry    Chickens plus 0 plus 7 from 636.07 Young of animals, following add instruction at 636.5001–636.508 Standard subdivisions, specific topics of husbandry of poultry.  An example of a work classed in 636.507 Chicks is A Chick Grows Up.

Cattle Genome

The cattle genome has been in the news recently, e.g., “Cattle Genome Sequenced” and “Bovine Genome Could Lead To Better Meat For Consumers, Experts Say.” A quotation from the latter article:  “The researchers used the complete sequence from a single Hereford cow and comparative genome sequences for six more breeds, looking for changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms – SNPs – markers that can help researchers identify favorable traits.” Related papers include “Genetics: It's a Bull's Market,” “The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution,” “Genome-Wide Survey of SNP Variation Uncovers the Genetic Structure of Cattle Breeds” (all in Science), and “A Whole-Genome Assembly of the Domestic Cow, Bos Taurus” in Genome Biology.  There is also a special series from BioMedCentral: Bovine: The Companion Papers for the Publication of the Bovine Genome Sequence.

Where might one begin looking for DDC numbers for the cattle genome?  One might browse the Relative Index in WebDewey for “cattle”:

Cattle       636.2
Cattle—agricultural economics       338.1762
Cattle—animal husbandry       636.2
. . . . .
Cattle—zoology       599.6422

The number opposite the unsubdivided entry for cattle is both the interdisciplinary number for cattle and the animal husbandry number for cattle: 636.2 Ruminants and Camelidae    Bovidae    Cattle.  The record for the zoology number for cattle—599.6422 Bos (Oxen)—has the note: “Class interdisciplinary works on Bos taurus (domestic cattle) in 636.2.”  Clearly 636.2 is a good number for works that emphasize domestic cattle, including interdisciplinary works that have some discussion about wild ancestors of domestic cattle.

One might also browse the Relative Index for “genetics”:

Genetics       576.5
Genetics
      see Manual at  576.5 vs. 572.8         
Genetics—animal husbandry       636.0821
Genetics—animal husbandry—sheep       636.30821
Genetics—animals       591.35
. . . . . .

Although the interdisciplinary number for genetics is in biology (576.5 Genetics), the comprehensive number for genetics in animal husbandry is 636.0821 Genetics.

In biology there is a split between the interdisciplinary number 576.5 Genetics and 572.8 Biochemical genetics.  The distinction is explained in the Manual entry 576.5 vs. 572.8 Genetics vs. Biochemical genetics.  Genomes are classed with biochemical genetics in 572.86 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), where there is a note: “Class here chromosomal DNA, codons, genes, genomes.”  For example, works on genomes of sponges are classed in 572.86134 DNA of sponges.  The number is built with 572.86 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) plus 1 from 571.1 Animals, as instructed under 572.5–572.8 Specific biochemicals and biochemical genetics, plus 34 from 593.4 Porifera (Sponges) as instructed at 571.1.  An example of a work classed in 572.86134 is Genome Organization in Sponges. 

In animal husbandry, general genetics and biochemical genetics are classed together in 636.0821 Genetics or in other subdivisions of 636 Animal husbandry.  Examples of works classed in 636.0821 are Chromosome Mapping of Some Genes in Farm Animals by In Situ Hybridization and Genome Analysis in Domestic Animals.

According to the rule of zero, for works about genetics of cattle, 636.2 Ruminants and Camelidae    Bovidae    Cattle is preferred over 636.0821 Genetics.  The heading at 636.2 is a dual heading—actually, a triple heading, with three parts. Further addition is possible for each of the three parts, even the smallest part, cattle. The information conveyed in the dual/triple heading has hierarchical force and carries down to subdivisions that may mention only the broadest part of the heading as a kind of shorthand. At 636.2001–636.208 Standard subdivisions, specific topics on husbandry of ruminants and Camelidae is a note that permits addition of notation for genetics to the number for cattle:  “Add to base number 636.20 the numbers following 636.0 in 636.001–636.08, e.g., heifers 636.207 . . . . .”  Thus one can add 821 from 636.0821 Genetics to 636.20  to build 636.20821 Genetics of ruminants and Camelidae, of Bovidae, of cattle.  An example of a work classed in 636.20821 is The Bovine Gene Map.

What about the genome sequence of a single Hereford cow?  Hereford cattle are classed in 636.222 English beef breeds, where there is a note: “Including Hereford and Shorthorn cattle.”  Again by the rule of zero, for works about genetics of Hereford cattle, 636.222 is preferred over 636.20821.  There are no instructions for adding to express genetics of specific breeds, and if there were, one could not use them for Hereford cattle because Herefords are in the including note.  An example of a work classed in 636.222 is International Genetic Evaluation for the North American Hereford and Polled Hereford Populations.

Biofilms

“Scientists Learning to Target Bacteria Where They Live,” an article in Washington Post by Kari Lydersen, recently drew attention to bacterial biofilms:

In the arms race between humans and bacteria, the ability to form “biofilms”—large aggregations of microbes embedded in a slimy matrix—has been one of the weapons the organisms use to defeat the immune system, antibiotic drugs and other threats. But scientists, who only recently recognized the role that biofilms play in antibiotic resistance, may be closing in on promising prospects for defeating pathogens.

Scientists have learned that bacteria that are vulnerable when floating around as individual cells in what is known as their “planktonic state” are much tougher to combat once they get established in a suitable place—whether the hull of a ship or inside the lungs—and come together in tightly bound biofilms. In that state, they can activate mechanisms like tiny pumps to expel antibiotics, share genes that confer protection against drugs, slow down their metabolism or become dormant, making them harder to kill.

The answer, say researchers, is to find substances that will break up biofilms.

Interdisciplinary works on microbial biofilms are classed in 579.1782 Ecological communities of microorganisms, fungi, algae (built with 579.17 Ecology, organisms characteristic of specific environments plus 82 from 577.82 Ecological communities, according to instructions at 579.171–579.178 Specific topics in ecology, specific environments).  The number 579.1782 is a subdivision of the interdisciplinary number for microbiology: 579 Microorganisms, fungi, algae.  The number 579 has the note “Class here microbiology” and the unsubdivided Relative Index entry “Microbiology.”  An example of a work classed in 579.1782 is Community Structure and Co-operation in Biofilms.

Interdisciplinary works on bacterial biofilms are classed in 579.31782 Ecological communities of prokaryotes (built with 579.3 Prokaryotes, which has the notes: “Variant names: Monera, Schizomycetes, Schizophyta, bacteria” and “Class here bacteriology,” plus 17 from 579.17 Ecology, organisms characteristic of specific environments, following the footnote instruction at 579.3 to add as instructed under 579.2–579.8 Specific taxonomic groups of microorganisms, fungi, algae, plus 82 from 577.82 Ecological communities).

Comprehensive medical works on microbial biofilms are classed in the comprehensive number for medical microbiology:  616.9041 Medical microbiology.  The number 616.9041 has the Relative Index entry “Microbiology—medicine.”  Under 616.9041 is the note: “Class here drug resistance in microorganisms.”   The number was built with 616.904 Special topics of communicable diseases plus 1 from 01 Medical microbiology in the add table under 616.1–616.9 Specific diseases according to instructions under 616.904.  An example of a work classed in 616.9041 is Biofilms, Infection, and Antimicrobial Therapy.

Under 616.9041 Medical microbiology is the note:  “Class medical microbiology of a specific disease or group of diseases with the disease or group of diseases, plus notation 01 from table under 616.1-616.9, e.g., medical microbiology of tuberculosis 616.99501.”     Comprehensive medical works on bacterial biofilms are classed in 616.9201 Medical microbiology of bacterial diseases (built with 616.92 Bacterial diseases plus 01 Medical microbiology from table under 616.1–616.9 Specific diseases, following footnote instruction at 616.92 to add as instructed under 616.1–616.9).  An example of a work on bacterial biofilms classed in 616.9201 is Control of Biofilm Infections by Signal Manipulation.   

Charles Darwin and On the Origin of Species

Charles Darwin and On the Origin of Species have been in the news because 2009 is the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth (February 12, 1809) and the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species (November 24, 1859); news articles include, for example, “On Darwin's 200th, a Theory Still in Controversy” and “Darwin, Britain's Hero, Is Still Controversial in U.S.” BBC has a series of programs, Darwin: The Genius of Evolution. The Natural History Museum, London, and other organizations are sponsoring a series of celebrations in the U.K., Darwin200. Exhibits at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, include “The Evolution Trail” and “Orchids through Darwin’s Eyes.”

In DDC 22, 576.82 Theories of evolution has the class-here note: “Class here Darwinism, natural selection.” Darwin’s On the Origin of Species is classed in 576.82, e.g., The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or, The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life.

In WebDewey there is a built number 576.82092 Darwin, Charles (built with 576.82 plus T1—092 Persons). Examples of biographies classed in 576.82092 are Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species and The Reluctant Mr. Darwin: An Intimate Portrait of Charles Darwin and the Making of his Theory of Evolution.

Because Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, in its nearly 150 years of existence, has been classed according to earlier editions of Dewey as well as DDC 22, other numbers can still be found in WorldCat records. The classification summary in Classify (an experimental classification service from OCLC Research) gives the DDC 22 number, of course, but lists 575.0162 as the most frequent number in WorldCat—the number for Darwinism in DDC editions 13–14 and 16–20 (it was cut back to 575.01 in edition 15). Another number listed in the Classify summary, 575.8, is the edition 14 number for “origin of species.” The new biology schedule, with the current number 576.82 Theories of evolution, came in DDC 21. This is an example for Michael Panzer, who is working on a service tracing the history of DDC concepts, as he reported at the ALA Midwinter Dewey Breakfast/Update.

International Year of Astronomy 2009, Galileo Galilei, and Telescopes

According to its official web site, “The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) is a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture and marks the 400th anniversary of the first use of an astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei.” 

General works about astronomy are classed in 520 Astronomy and allied sciences, e.g., Astronomy: Principles and Practice and Out-of-this-World Astronomy: 50 Amazing Activities & Projects.

Comprehensive biographies of Galileo Galilei are classed in 520.92 Astronomers, built with 52 from 520 (the final placeholder zero is deleted before Table 1 notation is added) plus T1—092 Persons.  The final placeholder zero must be deleted because, as the “Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification” (section 8.5) instructs:  “The classifier should never use more than one zero in applying a standard subdivision unless instructed to do so. If more than one zero is needed, the number of zeros is always indicated in the schedules.” The built number 520.92 can be found in the print Relative Index or in WebDewey. 

In the section entitled “Comprehensive biography” in the Manual Entry T1—092 Persons is the instruction:  “Use the number for the subject of the person's most noted contribution for the comprehensive biography of the person.”  That is why the comprehensive number for Galileo is in the field of astronomy, even though he also made important contributions in other fields.  If his contributions in physics are considered of equal importance, then 520 Astronomy and allied sciences is preferred over 530 Physics by the first-of-two rule.  Examples of works classed in 520.92 Astronomers are Galileo: Astronomer and Physicist and Galileo: Renaissance Scientist and Astronomer.

General works about the history of telescopes are classed in 522.209 History of telescopes (built with 522.2 Astronomical instruments    Telescopes plus T1—09 Historical, geographic, persons treatment), e.g., Eyes on the Skies: 400 years of Telescopic Discovery and Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope.  The heading for 522.2 Astronomical instruments    Telescopes is an example of a dual heading; standard subdivisions may be added for astronomical instruments, for telescopes, or for both.

Are Nanodiamonds Evidence That a Comet Caused Catastrophe 12,900 Years Ago?

The Washington Post article “Gems Point to Comet as Answer to Ancient Riddle” begins:

Something dramatic happened about 12,900 years ago, and the continent of North America was never the same. A thriving culture of Paleo-Americans, known as the Clovis people, vanished seemingly overnight. Gone, too, were most of the largest animals: horses, camels, lions, mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed cats, ground sloths and giant armadillos.

Scientists have long blamed climate change for the extinctions, for it was 12,900 years ago that the planet’s emergence from the Ice Age came to a halt, reverting to glacial conditions for 1,500 years, an epoch known as the Younger Dryas.

In just the last few years, there has arisen a controversial scientific hypothesis to explain this chain of events, and it involves an extraterrestrial calamity: a comet, broken into fragments, turning the sky ablaze, sending a shock wave across the landscape and scorching forests, creatures, people and anything exposed to the heavenly fire.

Now the proponents of this apocalyptic scenario say they have found a new line of evidence: nanodiamonds. They say they have found these tiny structures across North America in sediments from 12,900 years ago, and they argue that the diamonds had to have been formed by a high-temperature, high-pressure event, such as a cometary impact.

The BBC ran a similar article, “Diamond Clues to Beasts’ Demise.”  The Post and BBC were responding to an article in Science, “Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas Boundary Sediment Layer.”  In addition to describing the controversial hypothesis, the Post and BBC cite critics unconvinced by the proposal, including an expert on impacts who does not believe that a comet could have broken up in the manner proposed (both the Post and BBC) and a geologist who says that nanodiamonds are being identified at other places and times without credible evidence of impact (BBC). 

A work emphasizing the Science article’s argument—that the nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas Boundary sedimentary layer were formed under “extraordinary conditions, well outside the range of Earth's typical surficial processes but common to cosmic impacts” and that the “diamonds provide strong evidence for Earth's collision with a rare swarm of carbonaceous chondrites or comets at the onset of the Younger Dryas cool interval, producing multiple airbursts and possible surface impacts”—would be classed in standing room at 551.39 Geologic work of other agents, where the LCSH “Comets—Collisions with Earth” has been mapped.  (Most works about the impact of extraterrestrial objects on the earth’s geology are limited to meteorites; they are classed in 551.397 Meteorites, e.g., The Sedimentary Record of Meteorite Impacts.)

According to the rule of application, a work emphasizing the effect of an extraterrestrial calamity—or the effect of climate change or of whatever happened about 12,900 years ago—on the Clovis people would be classed with the history and archaeology of the Clovis people in North America in 970.011 Early history to 1492.  An example of a work about the Clovis people is The Clovis Era in a Mammoth-Haunted Continent. 

A work emphasizing the effect on large mammals of whatever happened about 12,900 years ago would be classed with paleozoology of mammals in 569 Fossil Mammalia, or in a subdivision if the emphasis is on a particular kind of mammal.  Works about mammoths are classed in 569.67 Proboscidea (built with 569.6 Ungulates plus 7 from 599.67 Proboscidea, following instructions at 569.63-569.68  Surviving orders of ungulates), e.g., Mammoths: Giants of the Ice Age and The Fate of the Mammoth: Fossils, Myths, and History.

Animal Sounds

National Public Radio (NPR) has been running a series “Sounds Wild,” described thus:  “Take a walk through remote areas of the planet with this series of field recordings from unusual animals. You'll hear roars that penetrate through three miles of tropical forest; maniacal laughs that break the Australian bush dawn; and a barking, bugling, colorful-billed bird.”  Among the animal sounds available thus far are those of the superb lyrebird, the keel-billed toucan, the laughing kookaburra, Leach’s storm petrel, the bare-throated tiger heron, the eastern dwarf tree frog, the sand goanna, the coatimundi (coati), and the black howler monkey.

Comprehensive works on animal sounds—including sounds of invertebrates (e.g., insects) and vertebrates (e.g., frogs, birds, mammals)—are classed in 591.594 Acoustical communication, which has the note “Class here animal sounds” and which has the LCSH “Animal sounds” editorially mapped to it in WebDewey.  An example is Naturally Wild Musicians: The Wondrous World of Animal Song.  The upward hierarchy includes 591.5 Behavior, 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals, and 590 Animals. 

Works on sounds of a specific taxonomic group of animals are classed with the group, as instructed in a scatter note under 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals: “Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals . . . .”  For example, comprehensive works on sounds of birds are classed in 598.1594 Acoustical communication of birds, built with 598 Aves (Birds) plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, as instructed by footnote at 598 “Add as instructed under 592–599,” plus 594 from 591.594 Acoustical communication, as instructed under notation 1 in add table under 592–599: “Add to base number 1 the numbers following 591 in 591.3–591.7, e.g., beneficial animals 163, marine animals 177.”  Examples are Why Birds Sing: A Journey through the Mystery of Bird Song and Bird Song: Biological Themes and Variations.

Works on insect sounds are classed in 595.71594 Acoustical communication of insects, built with 595.7 Insecta (Insects) plus 1 plus 594 as described above.  An example is Acoustic Communication in Insects and Anurans: Common Problems and Diverse Solutions.  By the first-of-two rule, 595.7 Insecta (Insects) is preferred over 597.8 Amphibia (Amphibians), which has the note “Class here Anura (Salientia).” 

So far, the NPR series “Sounds Wild” includes only sounds of vertebrates.  Until sounds of invertebrates like insects are added, “Sounds Wild” would be classed in 596.1594 Acoustical communication of Chordata, built with 596 Chordata, which has the note “Class here Vertebrata (Craniata, vertebrates), Tetrapoda (land vertebrates) . . . ,” plus 1 plus 594 as described above.  The class-here note means that vertebrates—also land vertebrates—approximate the whole of 596, which makes further addition possible.

Migration of Bar-Tailed Godwits

The bar-tailed godwit has been in the news because of its incredible migration, e.g., “Birds Fly More Than 7,000 Miles Nonstop, Study Shows: In Its Annual Fall Migration, One Godwit Traveled From Alaska to New Zealand in Eight Days” and “Avian Airlines: Alaska to New Zealand Nonstop.”

General works about bird migration are classed in 598.1568 Migration of birds (built with 598 Aves plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, following footnote instruction at 598 and instruction at 592–599, plus 568 from 591.568 Migration, following instruction under 1 in add table under 592–599).  Examples of works classed in 598.1568 are Avian Migration and Bird Migration: A General Survey.

A work about migration of a specific kind of bird is classed with the kind of bird, as instructed at 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals: “Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals, plus notation 1 from table under 592-599, e.g., beneficial mammals 599.163.”  The bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) belongs to the family Scolopacidae, information that can be found in many sources, including Encyclopædia Britannica.  In DDC, the family Scolopacidae is listed in the including note at 598.33 Charadriiformes.  Thus the work Bar-Tailed Godwit: Limosa Lapponica is classed in 598.33.  A work focusing on the migration of the bar-tailed godwit is also classed in 598.33; no further addition is possible because the bar-tailed godwit is in standing room in 598.33 Charadriiformes.

Large Hadron Collider Revisited

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been in the news in the last two weeks—first, for the official start of the “Big Bang” experiment September 10.   Several news sources offered informative guides, e.g., BBC, CNN, and MSNBC.  Then came startup glitches.  The most serious glitch (“incident in LHC sector 34”) occurred September 19; it will delay the experiment for at least two months because it requires that a sector of the tunnel be warmed up to allow for repairs (AP):

Because the Large Hadron Collider operates at near absolute zero—colder than outer space—the damaged area must be warmed to a temperature where humans can work. That takes about a month. Then it has to be re-chilled for another month.

What is the main DDC number for the Large Hadron Collider?  The short answer is 539.736 Supercolliders.  For details, see the Dewey blog entry for April 18, 2007.

EPC Meeting 129

The Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee (EPC)* met at OCLC May 7-9, 2008. EPC approved several adjustments to the proposed overhaul of the treatment of groups of people (including a separate number for intersex people based on feedback from users) plus the implementation plan for the changes. The current plan is to post draft versions of Table 1 and 305-306 on the Dewey web site in August 2008 (with links from the Dewey blog). We will request comments on the content and implementation plan by October 30, 2008—this will permit discussion of user comments at EPC Meeting 130 in November 2008. It is our intention to introduce the changes to the treatment of groups of people throughout the DDC by second quarter calendar year 2009 in WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey. We plan to make final PDFs of Table 1 and 305-306 available on the Dewey web site at the same time the changes are implemented in the web versions of the DDC. The changes introduced in the web versions of the DDC will also appear in the print version of DDC 23 (scheduled to be published in late calendar year 2010).

In addition to the changes to groups of people in Table 1, EPC approved two changes to T1—079 Competition, awards, financial support: clarification of the add instruction from Table 2, and the relocation of festivals from T1—079 to T1—074 Museums, collections, exhibits. Watch this space for more information on these changes. EPC also approved several changes in Table 2 (Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons) for Belgium, South Africa, Sweden, and Clifton Forge, Va. (the last reflects a rare change within administrative units in the U.S.).  In Table 3 (Subdivisions for the Arts, for Individual Literatures, for Specific Literary Forms), EPC approved new provisions for autobiographical fiction, biographical fiction, and alternative histories.  In Table 6 (Languages), EPC approved updates to Indonesian languages and Galician, plus several miscellaneous updates. Similar changes were made to parallel notation in Table 5 (Ethnic and National Groups).

In the schedules, EPC approved updates in the following areas: 004-006 Computer science, 025.4 Subject analysis and control, 160 Logic, 320 Political science, 364.16 Offenses against property, 398.2 Folk literature, 400 Language, 510 Mathematics, 560-590 Life sciences, 610 Medicine and health, 700 The arts, 800 Literature, and 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines. EPC also reviewed reports on work under way in 200 Religion, 340 Law, and 370 Education. The changes in 364.16, along with other updates to the treatment of criminal offenses, will be the focus of the June New and Changed Entries. We will discuss the proposed updates and open issues in several of the aforementioned schedules in the coming weeks in the Dewey blog—stay tuned.

EPC reviewed several research initiatives from the OCLC Office of Research and the Dewey editorial team. Diane Vizine-Goetz presented current work on a prototype classification web service and pilot terminology services. Dewey editorial team members presented progress reports on several current research projects: machine-assisted derivation of the abridged edition, mixed translation models, identification of the relationship of Relative Index terms to Dewey classes, and improvements to Dewey captions. The team also briefed EPC on our new editorial support system, recent changes to the representation of the DDC in MARC21 formats, and a proposed new approach to the display of relocations and discontinuations in DDC class records. Further, the team gave EPC a progress report on the development of DDC training materials being posted online. There was also a lively discussion on how we might facilitate development and sharing of “Dewey neighborhoods” by Dewey users (see the innovative presentation by the Topeka and Shawnee County Public Library at the March 2008 Public Library Association (PLA) Conference).

EPC will hold a follow-up electronic meeting (Meeting 129A) during June 2008 to resolve some minor open issues from Meeting 129. The group will meet next in person at the Library of Congress in November 2008.

*Photo at top of EPC at OCLC on May 8, 2008—standing from left to right: Lyn McKinney (Billings [MT] Senior High School), Sandra Singh (Vancouver [BC] Public Library), David Farris (Library and Archives Canada), Welna van Eeden (University of South Africa), Andrea Kappler (Evansville Vanderburgh [IN] Public Library) and EPC Chair Caroline Kent (British Library). Seated from left to right: Arlene Taylor (University of Pittsburgh SIS, retired), Vice Chair Anne Robertson (Australian Committee on Cataloguing), and Deborah Rose-Lefmann (Northwestern University).