025.431: The Dewey blog

Symbiosis and Mutualism

In previous blog posts ("Evolution" and "Speciation") we looked at works that mentioned ecology but were classed with evolution or a subtopic of evolution; what about works classed with subtopics of ecology?  For example, consider Symbiosis. It has the LCSH:

Symbiosis—Juvenile literature

Here is the summary:

Discusses the three kinds of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism and describes examples of these relationships.

The examples include microorganisms, plants, and animals.
 
Browsing the Relative Index for "symbiosis" yields:

Symbiosis                             577.85
Symbiosis—animals                 591.785
Symbiosis—factor in evolution   576.85
Symbiosis—plants                   581.785

The schedule entry 577.85 Symbiosis has 577 Ecology in its upward hierarchy.  It has both 577.852 Mutualism (with "commensalism" in the including note) and 577.857 Parasitism in its downward hierarchy.  The entry 577.85 has the class-elsewhere notes "Class symbiosis as a factor affecting evolution in 576.85" and "Class symbiosis in the sense limited to mutually beneficial relationships in 577.852," but neither note is relevant to this work.  The work Symbiosis is classed in 577.85 Symbiosis.

The work Mutualism: Ants and their Insect Partners has the LCSHs:

Mutualism (Biology)
Ants—Ecology
Mutualism (Biology)—Case studies

Browsing the Relative Index for "mutualism" yields:

Mutualism (Biology)         577.852

In the upward hierarchy for 577.852 Mutualism, at 577 Ecology, is the see reference: "For animal ecology, see 591.7."  That see reference has hierarchical force.  In the upward hierarchy for 591.7Animal ecology, animals characteristic of specific environments, at 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals, is the scatter class-elsewhere note: "Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals, plus notation 1 from table under 592–599, e.g., beneficial mammals 599.163."  That class-elsewhere note also has hierarchical force.

Browsing the Relative Index for "ants" yields:

Ants                595.796
. . . . .
Ants—ecology   595.79617

Browsing the Relative Index for "insects" yields:

Insects                595.7
. . . . .
Insects—ecology   595.717

Since the focus of the work is specifically on mutualism relationships of ants with other kinds of insects (rather than on mutualism relationships among all kinds of insects), the correct choice for base number is 595.796 Formicidae (Ants). Mutualism: Ants and their Insect Partners is classed in 595.79617852 Mutualism in ants, built with 595.796 Formicidae (Ants) plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, following add instructions at 595.796 and 592–599, plus 7 from 591.7 Animal ecology, animals characteristic of specific environments, following add instruction at notation 1 in add table at 592–599, plus 852 from 577.852 Mutualism, following add instruction at 591.71–591.78 Specific topics in animal ecology; specific environments.  There is no way to express in this number the idea that the partners in mutualism are other kinds of insects.

Maya Calendar

The Maya calendar has been in the news recently, e.g., "Found: The Oldest Maya Calendar (and No, the World's Still Not Ending)" (Time Science) and "Oldest Known Maya Calendar Found; No Signs of 2012 Doomsday" (ABC News). The Maya calendar is also a topic in an exhibit at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: Maya 2012: Lords of Time.

Searching in WebDewey for "maya calendar" (or browsing for it in the WebDewey Relative Index) yields the built number entry:

529.32978427 Maya calendar

The number is built with 529.32 Calendars of specific religions and traditions plus 978 from 299.78 Religions of specific groups and peoples, following the add instruction at 529.32, plus 427 from T5—97427 Peoples who speak, or whose ancestors spoke, Yucatecan languages, following the add instruction at 299.78.  The entry for T5—97427 has the class-here note: "Class here Yucatecan Maya." An example of a work classed in 529.32978427 is Maya Calendar Origins: Monuments, Mythistory, and the Materialization of Time. It has the following LCSHs:

Maya calendar
Maya astronomy
Maya cosmology

Works that emphasize controversial knowledge about the end of the world—whether arguing for or against the idea—are classed in 001.9 Controversial knowledge, which has the including note:  "Including . . . . the end of the world."  That number can be found in WebDewey by browsing the Relative Index for "end of the world" or by searching for it. Because the topic is in an including note, no further addition is possible.  An example of a work classed in 001.9 Controversial knowledge is The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012. It has the LCSHs:

End of the world (Astronomy)
Maya calendar
Two thousand twelve, A.D.

Speciation

A previous blog on evolution mentioned in passing the topic of speciation.  This time let's focus on speciation as we explore more places where aspects of evolution may be classed.  Browsing the Dewey Relative Index for "speciation" yields:

Speciation (Biology)    576.86
Species                    578.012
Species—evolution     576.86

In the upward hierarchy for speciation at 576.86 is 576.8 Evolution.  An example of a general work on speciation is Speciation.  Here is an excerpt from the publisher's description plus the table of contents:

Aimed at professional biologists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates, Speciation covers both plants and animals . . . , and deals with all relevant areas of research, including biogeography, field work, systematics, theory, and genetic and molecular studies. It gives special emphasis to topics that are either controversial or the subject of active research, including sympatric speciation, reinforcement, the role of hybridization in speciation, the search for genes causing reproductive isolation, and mounting evidence for the role of natural and sexual selection in the origin of species.

Contents:

1. Species: reality and concepts
2. Studying speciation
3. Allopatric and parapatric speciation
4. Sympatric speciation
5. Ecological isolation
6. Behavioral and nonecological isolation
7. Postzygotic isolation
8. The genetics of postzygotic isolation
9. Polyploidy and hybrid speciation
10. Reinforcement
11. Selection versus drift
12. Speciation and macroevolution

(Incidentally, if your biology is a bit rusty, the University of California site Evolution 101 might help, e.g., its section on speciation.)

Speciation has the LCSH:

Species

In LCSH, "Speciation (Biology)," is a non-preferred term pointing to the preferred term "Species."  The Dewey entry 578.012 Classification has "species" in its including note, but it also has a class-elsewhere note: "Class speciation in 576.86."  The work Speciation is classed in 576.86 Speciation.

What about works on speciation that don't cover both plants and animals?  For example, Speciation in Birds.  Here are excerpts from a reviewer's description plus the book's table of contents:

In this book, Trevor Price aims for a highly challenging task, namely to synthesize the roles of ecology, behavior, and genetics in bird speciation. . . . .

The book opens with two introductory chapters, where main concepts are defined and some of the main themes of the book are introduced. One of the main themes, the ecology of speciation, is treated thoroughly in the next five chapters. . . . .

The second main section of the book, chapters 8 to 12, covers nonecological speciation. Many avian allospecies do not appear to differ much ecologically but differ in traits that are used in species recognition, such as plumage color and song. Such traits are thought to evolve mainly through sexual and other forms of social selection, suggesting that social selection is important in bird speciation. Price also discusses how ecological factors may contribute to shaping such socially selected traits.

The last major section of the book, chapters 13 to 16, is mainly devoted to the final stages of speciation, and evolutionary processes operating in differentiated populations that experience secondary contact. . . . .

Contents:

1. Introduction
2. Geography and Ecology
3. Geographical variation
4. Parapatric Speciation
5. Ecological speciation
6. Ecological controls and speciation on continents
7. Behavior and ecology
8. Geographical isolation and the causes of island endemism
9. Social Selection
10. Social selection and the evolution of song
11. Divergence in response to increased sexual selection
12. Social selection and ecology
13. Species recognition
14. Mate choice at the end of speciation
15. Hybrid zones
16. Genetic incompatibility
17. Conclusions

Speciation in Birds has the LCSH:

Birds—Speciation

Browsing the Relative Index for "birds" yields:

Birds                     598
. . . .
Birds—evolution       598.138

Also, in the schedule record for 576.8 Evolution is the see reference: "For evolution of animals, see 591.38."  The see reference has hierarchical force and carries subordinate topics of evolution like speciation at 576.86 with it.

At 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals is a scatter note: "Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals, plus notation 1 from table under 592–599, e.g., beneficial mammals 599.163."  Hence the base number for the work will be 598 Aves (Birds).   The footnote add instruction at 598 leads to 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals.  At that span is an add table with the following:

1 General topics of natural history of animals

Add to base number 1 the numbers following 591 in 591.3-591.7, e.g., beneficial animals 163, marine animals 177

At 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals is a table of preference that places behavior, evolution, and ecology in the following order:

Behavior                                                                         591.5

Genetics, evolution, young animals                                      591.3

Animal ecology, animals characteristic of specific environments 591.7

Both behavior (e.g., social selection) and ecology are discussed in Speciation in Birds, but both are discussed as causes of speciation, a subordinate topic of evolution.  Although the table of preference might suggest that the work should be classed with behavior, the rule of application overrides the table of preference, and the work is classed with evolution.

Speciation in Birds is classed in 598.138 Evolution of birds (built with 598 Aves [Birds] plus 1 from the add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals plus 38 from 591.38 Evolution).  The built number appears in the Relative Index, as noted above.

Evolution

A recent article in Science ("Founder Effects Persist Despite Adaptive Differentiation: A Field Experiment with Lizards") got me thinking about how to classify works on evolution. Different aspects of evolution are classed in different numbers.  A work that emphasizes evolution commonly also considers the interrelated topics ecology and adaptation.

One of the works cited in the article may serve as an example: The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. The publisher's description and the table of contents help clarify the scope and focus of the work:

Adaptive radiation is the evolution of diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. It can cause a single ancestral species to differentiate into an impressively vast array of species inhabiting a variety of environments. Much of life's diversity has arisen during adaptive radiations. Some of the most famous recent examples include the East African cichilid fishes, the Hawaiian silverswords, and Darwin's Galapagos finches. This book evaluates the causes of adaptive radiation. It focuses on the 'ecological' theory of adaptive radiation, a body of ideas that began with Darwin and were developed through the early part of the 20th century. This theory proposes that phenotypic divergence and speciation in adaptive radiation are caused ultimately by divergent natural selection arising from differences in environment and competition between species. The text re-evaluates the ecological theory, along with its most significant extensions and challenges, in the light of all the recent evidence.

Contents:

1. The origins of ecological diversity
2. Detecting adaptive radiation
3. The progress of adaptive radiation
4. The ecological theory of adaptive radiation
5. Divergent natural selection between environments
6. Divergence and species interactions
7. Ecological opportunity
8. The ecological basis of speciation
9. Divergence along genetic lines of least resistance
10. The ecology of adaptive radiation

As the examples in the description suggest, The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation covers a range of plants and animals.  The work has the LCSH:

Evolution (Biology)
Adaptive radiation (Evolution)
Ecology
Adaptation (Biology)

Browsing the Relative Index for "evolution" yields:

Evolution 576.8

Searching or browsing for "adaptive radiation" yields no hits, but browsing the Relative Index for "radiation" yields one relevant entry:

Radiation (Biological evolution) 576.84

The schedule record 576.84 Evolutionary cycles has the class-here note: "Class here catastrophes, extinction, radiation."

Browsing the Relative Index for "ecology" yields:

Ecology 577

By the rule of application, since ecology is discussed as a cause of adaptive radiation, the work is classed with adaptive radiation in 576.84 rather than ecology.

Browsing the Relative Index for "adaptation" yields:

Adaptation (Biology) 578.4

The entry 578 Natural history of organisms and related subjects, which is part of the upward hierarchy of 578.4 Adaptation, has the see reference: "For genetics and evolution, see 576."  That reference has hierarchical force.

Various aspects of evolution are discussed in the work.  Natural selection (named in a class-here note at 576.82 Theories of evolution) is discussed as a cause of adaptive radiation. Speciation (named at 576.86 Speciation) is discussed only in the context of adaptive radiation.  The emphasis is on adaptive radiation. The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation is classed in 576.84 Evolutionary cycles.

 

Nicotine

(This is the third in a series of posts on eponyms.)

Within the nightshade family of plants is the genus Nicotiana, including more than 70 species of tobacco.  Both the genus name Nicotiana and nicotine, the alkaloid that is the principal constituent of the tobacco leaf, are derived from the name of Jean Nicot de Villemain (1530–1600), a French diplomat and scholar.   As France’s ambassador to Portugal, Nicot sent tobacco seeds that had originated in the New World to Paris in 1560; he also recommended tobacco to the queen, Catherine de Medici, for migraine headches, thus introducing medicinal use of tobacco to the French court. 

The literature on nicotine is inseparable from the literature on tobacco and has many aspects.   For example, from a social welfare perspective, tobacco abuse is classed in 362.296 Tobacco as a subdivision of 362.29 Substance abuse  (for example, Smoking.drugabuse.gov:  Nicotine addiction ... and other dangers of tobacco use); from a human toxicology persective, tobacco is classed in 615.9523952 (built with 615.952 Plant poisons, plus 3952 from 583.952 Solanaceae [the scientific name for the nightshade family], following the add instruction at 615.9523–615.9528 Specific plant poisons; for example, Toxicology:  Tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines:  Recent advances); from an agricultural perspective, tobacco is classed in 633.71 Tobacco as an alkaloidal field crop (for example, The culture of tobacco).  Other appropriate numbers can be seen by browsing the Relative Index under Tobacco, Tobacco abuse, Tobacco industry, etc.  No interdisciplinary number for nicotine or tobacco is given.

Works on Jean Nicot de Villemain as a French diplomat should be classed in 327.440092 Foreign relations of France—biography (built with 327 International relations, plus T2—44 France, plus T1—0092 Biography [the use of 00 for standard subdivisions is given in a footnote], following the add instructions at 327.3–327.9 Foreign relations of specific continents, countries, localities).  (The Manual note at T1—092 Biography indicates that for public figures, greatest weight should be given to the highest office reached, after which it specifies that 327.3–.9 should be used for ambassadors.)  While Nicot may be best known for introducing the use of tobacco to France, his most significant work was the compilation of Thresor de la langue françoyse, tant ancienne que moderne, perhaps the first modern dictionary of the French language.   Works on Jean Nicot as a French lexicographer should be classed in 443.092 French lexicographers (built with 44(0) French, plus T4—3 Dictionaries, plus T1—092 Biography).   Although lexicography is in the class-here note at T4—3028 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials, in the preference table for Table 1, T1—092 Biography is higher than T1—028 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials.

But what about a comprehensive biography of Jean Nicot?  The Manual note at T1—092 Biography gives the following instructions:   “Use the number for the subject of the person’s most noted contribution for the comprehensive biography of the person.   If the person made approximately equal contributions to a number of fields, use the number for the subject that provides the best common denominator, giving some extra consideration to the person’s occupation.”   The introduction of tobacco to the French court, from which the use of tobacco was further disseminated throughout Europe, was a “contribution” of significant effect, marked by the eponymous use of his surname for tobacco’s scientific name and for its chief chemical compound.  But however significant the effects of his actions with respect to tobacco, his ambassadorship was of only 2-3 years’ duration.  The remaining 40 years of his life were spent as a man of learning.  No number would seem to provide a best common denominator across the range of his contributions.  The Manual note subsequently instructs:  “Class an individual biography in the number most nearly covering the history and civilization of the place and time of the activity emphasized when a work is not clearly associated with any subject but is clearly associated with a place, even in cases when a person’s activity may not approximate the whole of the most specific period.”  Consequently, a comprehensive work on Jean Nicot is best classed in 944.029092 (built with 944.029 Historical periods of France—reigns of Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III, 1559–1589, plus T1—092 Biography).

WebDewey and Library of Congress Subject Headings

Among the Library of Congress Subject Headings mapped to Dewey numbers in earlier versions of WebDewey were some labeled "PPT" because they came from the 2001 publication People, Places & Things: A List of Popular Library of Congress Subject Headings with Dewey Numbers. Those headings were not included in WebDewey 2.0 because the mappings needed to be updated. 

The process of updating has begun.  Thus far, PPT headings mapped to 500–599 have been updated and restored to WebDewey.  The headings are no longer labeled "PPT" because they are now like other editorially mapped headings; there is no longer a need to warn users that they may be out of date.  A few examples may illustrate.

The LCSH "Polynomials" is now mapped to 512.9422 Polynomial equations.  The history box for that number has this information:

expanded from 512.942
2003, Edition 22

In PPT, the LCSH "Polynomials" was mapped to the old number, 512.942.  An example of a work with the LCSH "Polynomials" classed in 512.9422 Polynomial equations is Polynomials.

(To learn more about the history box now available in WebDewey, see the previous blogs "WebDewey 2.0 Enhancements" and "Expansions from DDC 22 to DDC 23.")

The LCSH "Algorithms" is now mapped to 518.1 Algorithms.  The history box for that number has this information:

formerly located in 511.8
2003, Edition 22

In PPT, the LCSH "Algorithms" was mapped to the old number, 511.8.  An example of a work classed in 518.1 Algorithms is Algorithms.  The work has both the LCSH "Algorithms—Textbooks" and "Computer algorithms—Textbooks," but it emphasizes the mathematical ideas behind algorithms.

The LCSH "Pacific Ocean" is now mapped to the built number 551.4614 Pacific Ocean (built with 551.461 Specific oceans and seas, coastal saltwater bodies plus 4 from T2—164 Pacific Ocean, following instructions at 551.4613–551.4617 Specific oceans and seas). The history box for 551.4614 Pacific Ocean has this information:

formerly located in 551.465
2003, Edition 22

In PPT, the LCSH "Pacific Ocean" was mapped to the old number, 551.465.  An example of a work with the LCSH "Pacific Ocean" classed in 551.4614 Pacific Ocean is Pacific Ocean. The work is interdisciplinary, and 551.4614 is the interdisciplinary number for the Pacific Ocean.  In the upward hierarchy, at 551.46 Oceanography and submarine geology, is the class-here note: "Class here . . . interdisciplinary works on marine science, on oceans and seas."  That note has hierarchical force.

Evolution and Ecology

The January 28 issue of Science has an article, “The Newest Synthesis: Understanding the Interplay of Evolutionary and Ecological Dynamics”; here is part of the abstract:

The effect of ecological change on evolution has long been a focus of scientific research. The reverse—how evolutionary dynamics affect ecological traits—has only recently captured our attention. . . . Despite some recent relevant studies, the importance of the evolution-to-ecology pathway across systems is still unknown. . . . .

Currently, most books treating the relationship between evolution and ecology emphasize the effect of ecology on evolution.  By the rule of application, other things being equal and unless there are instructions to the contrary, works about the effect of ecology on evolution are classed with evolution.

Browsing the Relative Index for “evolution” yields:

Evolution       576.8
. . .     
Evolution—animals       591.38
. . .
Evolution—biology       576.8
. . .

Browsing the Relative Index for “ecology” yields:

Ecology       577
. . .       
Ecology—animals       591.7
. . .

The interdisciplinary number for evolution is 576.8 Evolution, and one of its subdivisions is 576.85 Factors affecting evolution.  Broad works about ecology and evolution, however, commonly treat enough different aspects of evolution that they fit better in the broader number than in the subdivision. One example of a work classed in 576.8 Evolution is Discovering Evolutionary Ecology: Bringing together Ecology and Evolution, which has “Evolution (Biology)” for its first LCSH and “Ecology” for its second LCSH.  Another example of a work classed in 576.8 Evolution is The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation, which has the LCSH:

Evolution (Biology)
Adaptive radiation (Evolution)
Ecology
Adaptation (Biology)

Evolution on Islands is classed in 576.809142 Evolution on islands (built with 576.8 Evolution plus T1—091 Treatment by areas, regions, places in general plus 42 from T2—142 Islands, following instructions at T1—091).  It has the LCSH “Evolution (Biology),” “Island ecology,” and “Species.”

What about evolution and ecology of specific kinds of organisms, e.g., animals or specific kinds of animals?  Notes in the schedules lead to the same numbers given for animals in the Relative Index.  At 576.8 Evolution is the see reference: “For evolution of animals, see 591.38.”  At 577 Ecology is the see reference: “For animal ecology, see 591.7.”  At 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals is a table of preference that puts “Genetics, evolution, young animals 591.3” above “Animal ecology, animals characteristic of specific environments 591.7.” Also at 591 is the scatter class-elsewhere note: “Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals, plus notation 1 from table under 592–599, e.g., beneficial mammals 599.163.”  The add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals provides for adding from 591; hence the table of preference at 591 has effect throughout 592–599.  For example, Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles is classed in 597.9548138 Evolution of Anolis (Anoles), built with 597.9548 Anolis (Anoles) plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals in add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals (following the footnote instruction at 597.9548  “Add as instructed under 592–599”) plus 38 from 591.38 Evolution (following instruction at 1 in add table under 592–599). The work has the LCSH “Anoles—Evolution,” “Anoles—Ecology,” and “Anoles—Adaptation.”      

Chemistry

Sponsored by UNESCO and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, “The International Year of Chemistry 2011 (IYC 2011) is a worldwide celebration of the achievements of chemistry and its contributions to the well-being of humankind.” Responses include “the first three-dimensional model of a chemical structure made out of knitting needles and balls of wool” (created in 1883) on display at Edinburgh University (BBC) and a “Chemistry Now” video series produced by the National Science Foundation and NBC Learn (“Scientific concepts take center stage in a video series that connects chemistry to spearmint gum, dill pickles, cheeseburgers and other everyday goodies” Cosmic Log MSNBC).

 Library Journal’s “Collection Development: Celebrating Chemistry, February 1, 2011,” responds with a discussion of chemistry titles.  A few of those titles are mentioned below.

The interdisciplinary number for chemistry is 540 Chemistry and allied sciences.  Examples of works classed in 540 are Chemistry (in series Science 101), The Joy of Chemistry: The Amazing Science of Familiar Things, and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry.

At 540 Chemistry and allied sciences is the standard-subdivisions-are-added-note: “Standard subdivisions are added for chemistry and allied sciences together, for chemistry alone.”  A Dictionary of Chemistry and Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry are classed in 540.3 Chemistry—dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances (built with 54 from 540 plus T1—03 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances).  Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments: All Lab, No Lecture is classed in 540.78 Chemistry—laboratory manuals (built with 54 from 540 plus T1—078 Use of apparatus and equipment in study and teaching).

The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe is classed in 546 Inorganic chemistry.  The entry has the class-here note: “Class here general topics of chemistry applied to specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings; comprehensive works on inorganic and organic chemistry of specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings.” WebElements: The Periodic Table on the Web is classed in 546.8 Periodic law and table.

Molecules That Changed the World: A Brief History of the Art and Science of Synthesis and Its Impact on Society is classed in 547.2 Organic chemical reactions, which has the class-here note “Class here . . . synthesis” and the Relative Index entry “Synthesis—organic chemistry.”  The work has the LCSH “Organic compounds—Synthesis.”

Chasing Molecules: Poisonous Products, Human Health, and the Promise of Green Chemistry is classed in 615.902 Industrial toxicology, which has the class-here note “Class here environmental toxicology.”  Chasing Molecules has for its first LCSH “Environmental toxicology—Popular works.”  Browsing the Relative Index for “environmental toxicology” yields:

Environmental toxicology                     571.95
Environmental toxicology—ecology        577.27
Environmental toxicology—medicine       615.902
Environmental toxicology—pathology     571.95

The interdisciplinary number for environmental toxicology—571.95, the number opposite the unsubdivided term—has 570 Life sciences    Biology in its upward hierarchy, as does the ecology number. The entry 615.902 Industrial toxicology has 610 Medicine and health in its upward hierarchy. The work Chasing Molecules has enough emphasis on human health that it fits best in 615.902 Industrial toxicology.

Canine anatomy

A question was asked on Autocat recently about where to classify Anatomy of the dog by Kerstin Mielke. The answer to that question depends on two different important distinctions on Dewey:

(1)   That between domesticated plants and animals in 630 Agriculture and related technologies and plants and animals in general in 570 Life sciences  Biology (and the subordinate topics 580 Plants and 590 Animals).

(2)   That between external processes of plants and animals in 578 Natural history of organisms and related subjects (and the subordinate topics 576, 577, 579, 580 and 590) and internal processes of plants and animals in 571-575 Internal biological processes and structures.

Both of these distinctions need to be understood by classifiers working in the life sciences.

The first distinction is explained in two Manual notes: 571-575 vs. 630 Physiology, anatomy, and pathology of agricultural plants and animals; and 630 vs. 579-590, 641.3 Agriculture and related technologies vs. Natural history of specific kinds of organisms vs. Food. Since the book in question is about anatomy, the first of these Manual notes is more relevant here. It says (with the parts just about plants removed):

When domestic plants and animals are studied for agricultural purposes, observe the following guidelines:

… use 636.0891-636.0892 and similar numbers in 636.1-636.8 for physiology and anatomy of agricultural animals.

... Use 636.0896 for comprehensive works on pathology and diseases of agricultural animals . Use 636.1-636.8 for pathology and diseases of specific kinds of agricultural animals plus notation 39 in add table under 636.1-636.8 or notation 0896 as instructed in certain entries in the schedule, e.g., diseases of race horses 636.1239 , diseases of horses 636.10896

When the note says “agricultural animals” it means animals included in 636 Animal husbandry, as the example of race horses makes clear, so it includes dogs as pets.  When the note says “for agricultural purposes” it includes all the purposes of 636 as well, including books for pet owners (including the book in question).

This means that works on the anatomy of dogs would be classed in 636.70891.  This is built, first by following the instructions at 636.7001-636.708, and adding to 636.70 the digits 89 at the end of 636.089 Veterinary sciences  Veterinary medicine; and second by following the instructions at 636.089 and adding the digit 1 at the end of 611 Human anatomy, cytology, histology.

The second distinction would only come into play if you had a scientific work on the anatomy of dogs.  It is explained in the Manual note on 579-590 vs. 571-575 Biology of whole organisms vs. Biology of internal processes.  This note describes it in this way: “The distinction between the biology of whole organisms in 579-590 (the first biology) and the biology of internal processes in 571-575  (the second biology) is based upon the recognition of fundamental differences between the literature of the two biologies.”  The note goes on to list ways of distinguishing the “two biologies”, including

3. In the first biology, topics are usually seen as typical only of the specific kind of organism being studied, e.g., snail shells, reproductive behavior of sticklebacks, weaverbird nests. In the second biology, the process studied in one organism is usually seen as typical of all living organisms (or as typical of a large class of organisms such as animals, vertebrates, or mammals), e.g., cell division, blood circulation, immune reactions.

Anatomy at 571.3 Anatomy and morphology falls into the second biology, because in this context anatomy of a specific animal is generally studied, not for the sake of that particular animal, but as an example of the anatomy of all animals or of a class of animals.  So, for example, Anatomy & dissection of the rat by Warren F. Walker and Dominique G Homberger is classed at 571.319352.  This is built by adding to 571.3 Anatomy and morphology the final digit 1 from 571.1 Animals as instructed at 571-572, and then adding notation 9352 from 599.352 Rattus (Common rats) as instructed at 571.1.  In theory you could have a similar number 571.319772 for the anatomy of dogs, built using the notation 9772 from 599.772 Canis, but such a work is unlikely to be published, since rats are common laboratory animals and dogs are not.

Animal Migration

The National Geographic television channel has been running a 7-part documentary series on animal migration entitled Great Migrations. It covers a wide range of animals, e.g., birds of various kinds, red crabs, monarch butterflies, and sperm whales.

At 070.1 Documentary media, educational media, news media is the class-elsewhere note: “Class documentary, educational, news works themselves and discussion of them with the kind of general work or the subject, e.g., general periodicals 050, recorded television programs on investing 332.6.”  Since class-elsewhere notes have hierarchical force—and as the second example indicates—that note applies to 070.195 Television.  The National Geographic television series will be classed with its subject, animal migration.

Browsing the Relative Index for “animal migration” yields the unsubdivided entry:

Animal migration     591.568

Similarly, browsing the Relative Index for “migration” yields:

Migration (Animals)     591.568

The schedule entry 591.568 Migration has in its upward hierarchy:

590     Animals (Zoology)
591         Specific topics in natural history of animals
591.5             Behavior
591.56             Behavior relating to life cycle

The interdisciplinary number—and the zoology number—for animal migration is 591.568 Migration.  Examples of works classed in 591.568 are the videorecording of the documentary television series and the companion book: Great Migrations and Great Migrations: Official Companion to the National Geographic Channel Global Television Event.  Another example is Animal Migration: Remarkable Journeys in the Wild.

At 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals is the class-elsewhere note: “Class a specific topic in natural history of animals with respect to a specific taxonomic group of animals with the group of animals, plus notation 1 from table under 592–599, e.g., beneficial mammals 599.163.”  Since class-elsewhere notes have hierarchical force, a work about migration of a specific taxonomic group of animals is classed with the group of animals.

A work about migration of various kinds of birds is classed in 598.1568 Migration of birds. The number is built with 598 Aves (Birds) plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from the add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, following the footnote add instruction at 598 and the add instruction at 592–599, plus 568 from 591.568 Migration, following the add instruction under 1 General topics of natural history of animals in the add table under 592–599.  Examples of works classed in 598.1568 are Winged Migration, How Birds Migrate, and The Atlas of Bird Migration: Tracing the Great Journeys of the World’sBirds.      

A work about migration of the red crab is classed in 595.386 Brachyura (Crabs). Because the red crab does not approximate the whole of 595.386, no addition is possible.  An example of a work classed in 595.386 is Di qiu jia zu: hong xie de qian yi = The Global Family: The Migration of the Red Crab.

A work about migration of the monarch butterfly is classed in 595.789 Papilionoidea (Butterflies).  Because the monarch butterfly does not approximate the whole of 595.789, no addition is possible. An example of a work classed in 595.789 is Flight of the Butterflies, which has the LCSH “Monarch butterfly—Migration—Juvenile literature.” (For a children’s book, many libraries will prefer the shorter number given in the abridged edition: 595.78 Moths and butterflies.)

A work about migration of the sperm whale is classed in 599.5471568 Migration of Physeteridae (built with 599.547 Physeteridae plus 1 General topics of natural history of animals from the add table under 592–599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals, following the footnote add instruction at 599.547 and the add instruction at 592–599, plus 568 from 591.568 Migration, following the add instruction under 1 General topics of natural history of animals in the add table under 592–599). At 599.547 Physeteridae is the class-here note “Class here Physeter (sperm whale)”; that note indicates that the sperm whale approximates the whole of 599.547 and thus that addition is possible.  An example of a work classed in 599.5471568 is Whales, which has the LCSH “Sperm whale—Migration—Juvenile literature.”  (For a children’s book, many libraries will prefer the abridged number: 599.5 Cetaceans and sea cows.)